木糖醇（Xylitol）-药用料手册（第六版）中英文对照
| Nonproprietary Names | Xylitol |
| page | 786 |
| 通用名 | 木糖醇 |
| Alkalizing agent. | Coating agent; diluent; emollient; humectant; sweetening agent; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet filler. |
| 功能类别 | 包衣剂；稀释剂；润肤剂；保湿剂；甜味剂；片剂和胶囊稀释剂；片剂填充剂。 |
| Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology | Xylitol is used as a noncariogenic sweetening agent in a variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms, including tablets, syrups, and coatings. It is also widely used as an alternative to sucrose in foods and as a base for medicated confectionery. Xylitol is finding increasing application in chewing gum,(1,2) mouthrinses,(3) and toothpastes(4) as an agent that decreases dental plaque and tooth decay (dental caries). Unlike sucrose, xylitol is not fermented into cariogenic acid end products(5) and it has been shown to reduce dental caries by inhibiting the growth of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans bacteria.(6,7) As xylitol has an equal sweetness intensity to sucrose, combined with a distinct cooling effect upon dissolution of the crystal, it is highly effective in enhancing the flavor of tablets and syrups and masking the unpleasant or bitter flavors associated with some pharmaceutical actives and excipients. In topical cosmetic and toiletry applications, xylitol is used primarily for its humectant and emollient properties, although it has also been reported to enhance product stability through a combination of potentiation of preservatives and its own bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. Granulates of xylitol are used as diluents in tablet formulations,where they can provide chewable tablets with a desirable sweet taste and cooling sensation, without the ‘chalky’ texture experienced with some other tablet diluents. Xylitol solutions are employed in tablet-coating applications at concentrations in excess of 65% w/w Xylitol coatings are stable and provide a sweet-tasting and durable hard coating. In liquid preparations, xylitol is used as a sweetening agent and vehicle for sugar-free formulations. In syrups, it has a reduced tendency to ‘cap-lock’ by effectively preventing crystallization around the closures of bottles. Xylitol also has a lower water activity and a higher osmotic pressure than sucrose, therefore enhancing product stability and freshness. In addition, xylitol has also been demonstrated to exert certain specific bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, particularly against common spoilage organisms.(8,9) Therapeutically, xylitol is additionally utilized as an energy source for intravenous infusion therapy following trauma.(10) |
| 在药物配方或技术中的应用 | 木糖醇用作各种药物剂型中的非致癌甜味剂，包括片剂，糖浆和包衣。它也被广泛用作食品中蔗糖的替代品和药物糖果的基础。木糖醇作为减少牙菌斑和蛀牙（龋齿）的药剂在口香糖，（1,2）漱口剂，（3）和牙膏（4）中的应用越来越多。与蔗糖不同，木糖醇不会发酵成致龋酸终产物（5），并且已经显示通过抑制致龋变形链球菌细菌的生长来减少龋齿。（6,7）由于木糖醇具有与蔗糖相同的甜度强度，结合在晶体溶解时具有明显的冷却作用，它在增强片剂和糖浆的味道以及掩盖与一些药物活性剂和赋形剂相关的不愉快或苦味方面非常有效。 在局部化妆品和化妆品应用中，木糖醇主要用于其保湿剂和润肤剂性质，尽管据报道通过增强防腐剂及其自身的抑菌和杀菌性质的组合来增强产品稳定性。木糖醇颗粒用作片剂配方中的稀释剂，其中它们可以提供具有所需甜味和清凉感的咀嚼片剂，而没有其他片剂稀释剂所经历的“白垩”质地。木糖醇溶液以超过65%w/w的浓度用于片剂包衣应用木糖醇包衣是稳定的并且提供甜味和耐用的硬包衣。 在液体制剂中，木糖醇用作无糖制剂的甜味剂和载体。在糖浆中，通过有效防止瓶子闭合周围的结晶，它减少了“封盖”的趋势。木糖醇还具有比蔗糖更低的水分活度和更高的渗透压，因此增强了产品的稳定性和新鲜度。此外，木糖醇还被证明具有一定的抑菌和杀菌作用，特别是对常见的腐败生物。（8,9） 在治疗上，木糖醇还被用作创伤后静脉输注治疗的能量来源。（10） |
| Description | Xylitol occurs as a white, granular solid comprising crystalline,equidimensional particles having a mean diameter of about 0.4–0.6 mm. It is odorless, with a sweet taste that imparts a cooling sensation. Xylitol is also commercially available in powdered form,and several granular, directly compressible forms.(11) See also Section 17. |
| 描述 | 木糖醇为白色、结晶性颗粒状固体，其各方向有相等的粒径，约为0.4~0.6mm。木糖醇无臭，但具有清凉感的甜味。可用于工业生产的木糖醇有粉末状和数种颗粒状，可供直接压片（11）。另见第17项。 |
